Why your knees are hurt: what to do

Knee pain is a widespread symptom, a sign of crisis in the body - the occurrence of the joint disease or just an increase in the leg load.

It is difficult to find a person who has never experienced pain in the knees in a certain period of life.Due to several reasons, both adults and children have different intensity problems, clicks or pain in the knee joints.The larger a person, the greater the possibility of various diseases, the first sign of which is pain in the knees.This is due to the characteristics of the body of the body: slowing the metabolic processes, wearing the cartilage tissue of the joints, joining the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, veins and other problems.

Due to complex anatomy, many structures and significant loads experience, and often overload, knee joints are very weak.Damage to any element of the structure, for example, violates a mucus bag, knee motor function and accordingly, pain syndrome.Ligaments and mennis are considered the weakest, they are injured in 80–85% of cases.

Knee -physical structure

There is a knee joint in the knee, a distal end of the femur with two tumors and jackets, a tibia tubular bone, muscles, veins, vessels, sibs, a patella (knee cup), articular bags and meniscus.

The knee joint is one of the large joints of the body.The fertile bone contacts her up.The articular surfaces of its lateral (exterior) and average (internal) condils are expressed with patela and tibia.Menisky, which are connective tissue cartilage, serve as shock absorbers of the joint.Thanks to them, there is a rational distribution of human weight on a tiger plateau and the stability of the joint increases.Subtle, double-headed, half-back and other muscles synchronize capsules-ligamentus structures, ensuring motor activity of the knee joint.

The knee elements are interconnected by many ligaments.There are two cross -shaped ligaments inside the joint - back and front.Hobby bones are associated with fiber and tibia with collateral ligaments.The oblique of the popliteal ligament is located behind the bursa of the knee joint.The main - the sycophant capsules, not dialogue with the joint, differs from many articular cavities.Blood supply to the knee elements is made by a great network of blood vessels, and innovation by nerve fibers.

Caused by knee

There are many reasons for the agony of knee joints, which can be conditionally divided into several groups.

Painful wounds of knee elements:

1. Knee bitter,As a result of the interval of blood vessels, local bleeding occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Redness, swelling, nervous end damage occurs, difficulty in movement.
2. Full or partial ligament breaking,More often, a partial violation of the integrity of the internal side ligament, which arises from excessive rotation of the lower leg, is diagnosed.

The outer ligament breaks less frequent than the interior.This is due to a strong deviation of the inner side of the lower leg while beating the leg for example.The breakdown of cross -shaped ligaments is essentially with hemrathrosis.

A complete breakdown of both ligaments is often combined with damage to the combined bag, tearing the internal meniscus.Such injury causes more dynamics to the knee joint, which causes severe pain, whose intensity depends on the degree of interval.

1. Knee -hemthrosis - Pour blood into the joint cavity.There is a painful and non -human nature.Painful hemrathrosis is seen with the breakdown of the meniscus, full or incomplete breakdown of ligaments, intrauterine fractures, injuries to the knee area.Non -Human options are one of the symptoms of diseases characterized by increased briefness of the walls of blood vessels or a violation of the blood coagulation system.These include severe forms of hemophilia, scurvy, hemorrhagic diathesis.Compresses accumulated blood tissue in the joint cavity, inhibiting blood circulation in them.A special pigment - hemosiderin - negatively affects ligaments, hyalin cartilage, a mucus bag, causing damage to their elasticity.The result of the combined bors wound is the inflammation of its villi and the increasing production of the joint fluid.The result of frequent bleeding is the destruction of dystrophy and joint.
2. Knee tip - Violation of the integrity of the meniscus of the knee joint.In lateral form, the outer meniscus is damaged, an average - internal.It is one of the most common, but it is difficult to diagnose damage to the knee joint.The risk of the disease is not only athletes involved in intensive training in the area, but also common people.The breakdown of the meniscus can come from a sharp abnormal movement when bend the body, bend the leg, a strong blow to the knee.
3. Knee cup dislocation - Pathological displacement of patella.The trauma is diagnosed in more than 0.7% of cases in cases of total number of dislocation.More often external dislocation occurs, less frequent - internal, very few - vertical or torsion.With an incomplete dislocation, the knee cup is determined on the lateral (external) condile, with full - from the out of the lateral condyle.
4. Close or open fracture of the knee joint, upper part of the bones of the lower leg or lower spine. Such injuries are often combined with damage to soft tissues of the knee, causing large -scale bleeding, excessive mobility in the knee region, its deformation.

Inflammatory and degenerative-dystrophic diseases of knee articular elements:

1. Arthritis - Inflammatory damage to the knee joint.A similar mechanism for the development of pathology is observed with osteoarthritis, ankylizing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (with the statement of urats in the joints).
2. Osteoarthrosis With the necklace of the knee joint of the non -inflammatory nature, it affects all its structures and leads to severe degenerative changes.
3. Bursititis With inflammation of the mucus, the bursa leads to pain while bending into the knee and expanding movements.
4. Kneethritis tendon - Swelling of the capsules of the claw goose, the knee tendon, as well as the muscles and ligaments around the joint.In this case, the pain occurs mainly during the descent on the stairs, especially with a heavy load, and focuses on the internal surface of the knee.
5. Patela's chondropathy In the cartilage of the articular (rear) surface of the patella-the diagnational-non-chic change.The degree of destruction may vary: from light soft areas to cracks and complete friction.

6. Chondromatosis - A severe chronic disease caused by the islet degeneration of the sections of the articular membrane in the cartilage - chondrom.Ossification of individual cartilaginous bodies has not been excluded.
7. Baker's cyst - The formation of a dense elastic round tumor in a popliteal fossa located in the opposite direction of the patela.The cyst is clearly visible in the exposed state of the knee.Causes discomfort, pain in the poplial region.With significant sizes, it squeezes blood vessels and nerves, causing impaired infection and blood circulation.
8. Goff disease - A disease, with the loss of fat tissue located around the knee joint and further degeneration.Pinch, edema and other disadvantages to fat cells - adipocytes - ends with their replacement with dense fibrous tissue.As a result, the buffer function of the "fat pillow" is interrupted, the fat tissue itself is not able to play the role of shock absorber.
9. Osgud -cassu disease - A pathology that is characterized by the killings of the bagus part of the tibia.Clinical in teenagers by playing 10 to 18 year old games.In the absence of treatment, a painful collision appears under the patella, leading to a restriction on legs or complete stabilization, as well as muscle hypotrophy.

Diseases in which radiation of knee pain is possible:

1. Hip joint - With chronic damage to the hip joint, with progressive degeneration and distrophic changes in it.Often the pain spreads the outer surface of the thigh to the bottom or bottom.
2. Nipple nerve neuropathy - Non -inflammatory damage to the nerve as a result of squeezing or spasting of blood vessels.It reaches the nerve legs, begins in the lower back and passes through tailbone and pelvis.The blockade at any one point for its length leads to impaired sensitivity or pulsed pain.
3. fibromyalgia - Extracting necklaces of soft tissues of non -inflammatory nature with a combination of symptoms such as arthralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases lead to knee pain:

1. Fracture - Changing mineral composition and bone density, a chronological progressive course disease disease.The "leaching" of calcium from bones leads to their fragility.This process is accompanied by a smoke or pain in the limbs.
2. Bones tuberculosis,Tuberculous wounds of the bone site causes constant severe pain.
3. Osteopathy An infectious and inflammatory nature disease affects all structural elements of bones.The result of both specifics, for example, tuberculosis, and non -specific, more often cockel, osteomyelitis skin hypermia, edema, bones and muscle local acute pain, fever temperature.
4. Some infectious disease,In addition to incorporating the urinary tract and eye mucosa, with the syndrome, the joints are affected.One of the manifestations of lime disease is arthralgia.

Knee -pain type

Depending on the etiology, the nature and intensity of pain may be different.

• Pain,With arthritis, osteoarthrosis.
• Strong, strong,With fracture of knee elements, rupture of ligaments, acute buckles, knee scratches, exaggeration of meniscopathy, deforming osteoarthrosis.
• Pulsating,A launched deformed arthrosis, with a meniscus injury.
• Drilling,With osteomyelitis.
• Dumb,Burt, with chronic osteochondritis.
• Burn,Bone sciatica nerve, with compression of tuberculosis process.
• Firing. When the nerve pinch the trunk.
• Pain while walking,A baker's cyst, left, arthritis, gontthrosis, with periathride.
• Pain alone. Gout, with arthritis.

Pithology

Physical check:

• Gathering anamnesis and complaints;
• Visual inspection with knee coordination.

Laboratory Research:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• Serological blood test;
• Immunity blood tests;
• Arthritis test;
• Bacteriological analysis of synonyms fluid.

Investable Instrumental Methods:

• Orthroscopy;
• Function of joint bag;
• Puncture Bone Biopsy.

Non -Inventive Instrumental Diagnosis:

• Radiography of the knee joint;
• Dancetometry;
• Ultrasound joint study;
• MRI or CT.

Treatment of knee pain

If one or both knee pain of non -Human nature of the event, then you should first turn to the doctor, depending on the patient's complaints and the results of an objective examination, a narrow specialist - an orthopedist, an orthopedist, an rheumatologist, a flibologist or a neurologist.In case of any injury, you need to contact a surgeon or an orthopedic trauma.

Treatment is different in each case, due to pain, ie, depends on the type of injury or disease.Each disease has its own treatment.But first, the patient should follow several general rules:

• Significantly reduce the period of hiking on the feet during the day and the duration of staying on the feet;
• The athletes leave the training temporarily (before recovery), and by running or jumping common people;
• When increasing the pain, leave the movements completely, apply a fixing bandage from an elastic bandage to the knee;
• Wear a bandage or a bandage for stabilization of the knee joint;
• With an injury, cold in place of painful effect.

Rheumatoid, psoriteic arthritis, systemic autoimmune diseases require severe integrated treatment, performed for several months.Basic therapy includes immunospressors, non -storoidal anti -inflammatory and hormonal drugs, gold preparations, etc.

In the treatment of bursitis, pain relievers and anti -inflammatory drugs are used.If an infection is detected, a course of antibiotics.The therapeutic puncture of the bag is performed for removing excess fluid from the synovial cavity and/or one of their corticosteroids.The operation helps to get rid of chronic inflammation of the brush - surgical axis of the synovial bag.

Along with distorting osteoarthrosis, prolonged intake of intra -tricular injections, NSAIDs and chondroprotectors of glucocorticosteroids are effective.To relieve pain syndrome, is compressed with demexide or biscofit, ointments and gels are locally determined with anti -inflammatory effects.Massage, physiotherapy, medical gymnastics helps.Severe lesions of the knee joint require surgical intervention - combined endoprostatics.

The treatment of osteoporosis includes bisphosphonates, calcitonin, calcium preparation, vitamin D, etc.

Treatment of breakage of meniscus can be conservative or surgical.Orthodox therapy includes analgesic, NSAID, hyaluronic acid, chondroprotectors.But first, joint reposation is done.

Types of surgical intervention:

• Meniscectomy;
• Partial (incomplete) meniscacectomy;
• Meniscus transplant;
• Orthroscopy;
• Orthroscopic stitching of the breakdown of the meniscus.

With any injury to the knee, after treatment, the duration of rehabilitation, which must be under the control of a rehabilitation or orthopedist, is very important.Doctors will compile an optimal joint recovery program.The main methods of postoperative rehabilitation are massage and medical gymnastics.Classes on special simulators are also effective, gradually develop a knee joint.